|
The Mesopotamian Ground Water And Hydrogeology
researches..
Article
Hydrogeology
Abdul-Mutalib H. Al-Marsoumi*
College of Science, Basrah University, Basrah-Iraq
There are two main sources of surface water in Iraq;
The permanent type represented by Euphrates and Tigris
Rivers and many tributaries of Tigris river, And the
ephemeral type represented by intermittent valleys
follow in NW direction toward Euphrates River (e.g. Wadi
Hauran). During flooding period of Euphrates and Tigris
Rivers the surplus water was accumulated in many lakes (e.g
Al-Tharthar and Al-Habbanih) and marshes (e.g. Abu-Dibs
and Al-Hammmar)in Middle and southern Iraq. Generally
speaking, the water of Tigris and Euphrates rivers
deteriorate down stream, the salinity and ionic
concentration increases down stream, but at different
rate.
Ground water (GW) also form another permanent source of water
in Iraq, large areas of this country are still depend on
such type of water for irrigation and demostic uses.
The regional flow of ground water in Mesopotamia is from
north and northwest toward south and southeast, it is
depth decreasing approach the Arabian Gulf Coast. In
Dibdibba Desert the water flows from southwest to
northeast. This water utilized by inhabitant several
decades ago via Hunddug wells. The Dibdibba G.W ( West
of Shatt Al-Basrah) is highly saline, very hard,
slightly alkaline medium and is of sodium-chloride type,
this G.W exhibit spatial and seasonal variation in the
its chemical components and some physical properties;
Mg, Na, K, Si, NO3, HCO3, Cl, total dissolved salt, pH,
Electrical conductivity, and dissolved Oxygen. Dibdibba
G.W. is found to be not suitable for drinking purposes,
but it is suitable for sheep drinking and irrigation.
Natural spring form another source of water in Iraq, they are
scattered over large areas in Iraq. The water of those
springs were used for treatment of skin disease (Hammam
Al-Alil –Mosul area), irrigation (Mammora-Hit area),
drinking and irrigation (Ain Al-Burka-Shithatha- Kerkula
area).The vicinity of these springs considered as
surface manifestations of deep regional subsurface
faults (e.g. Abu-Jir Fault).
* Phd: Abdul – Mutalib Hasson Mohammed Al-Marsoumi
E-mail: abdmars@yahoo.com
|
